Axle Shaft Front Axle Shaft Front transmit torque from the transmission and differential gears to the wheels and tires. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or bushing sitting inside the hole in the wheel or gear to allow the wheel or gear to rotate around the axle. Since steering and driving are among the functions of the front tires on FWD and AWD vehicles, increased performance and durability are expected of the axle shafts. In other cases the wheel or gear may be fixed to the axle, with bearings or bushings provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. Sometimes, especially on bicycles, the latter type is referred to as a spindle. The axle shafts - often referred to as "halfshafts" - are located on both sides of the differential, transmitting torque to the front wheels. Each halfshaft consists of a metal shaft with two joints - one on the differential end and another on the tire end. Front wheel driven work vehicles, such as agricultural tractors, often have a difficult time maneuvering among crops growing in narrow rows in a field. Maneuverability is restricted as a result of the axle construction and configurations required to apply power to the front wheels Many of these work vehicles include mechanical front wheel drives which require larger sized tires.

Axle Beam Rear Passenger Axle Beam Rear Passenger are manufacturing through bending-resistant, torsionally yielding tubular profiled member as a transverse support of a twist beam rear axle of a passenger car, a tube blank of tempering steel is cold formed to a tubular profiled member with a torsionally yielding central longitudinal section of a U-shaped cross-section and with opposed torsion-proof end sections. Height adjustable suspension has been used to implement a wheel-change mode where the vehicle is raised on three axles and the remaining wheel is lifted off the ground without the aid of a jack. As an alternative, a tube blank of case hardening steel is used, and at least partial sections of the tubular profiled member formed from this tube blank are case-hardened during a heat treatment with carburization of the surface of the tubular profiled member and subsequent quenching. Some vehicles use torsion bars to provide automatic leveling, using a motor to tighten the bars to provide greater resistance to load and, in some cases to respond to changes in road conditions. The tubular profiled member in both variants is then subjected to at least one outer surface hardening process and finally subjected to further configuration processing steps for completing a twist beam rear axle.

Axle Beam Rear Driver Axle Beam Rear Driver system, named "Active Toe Control," has the ability to make a standard twist beam rear suspension behave more like a complex multi-link arrangement by changing the wheel's angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. One approach adopted in the prior art to reduce tyre wear due to scrubbing in multi-axle vehicles is the provision of a "lift axle".In a conventional multi-axle truck, at least one steerable front axle is provided, together with one or more fixed rear axles, some or all of which may be driven. To search the left or right, sitting in the Jeep vehicle you are in the drivers or in the passenger seat. The drivers seat is the left Axle Beam, Rear and the passenger side is the right Axle Beam, Rear. A particular difficulty with such a layout of the vehicle wheels is that when the vehicle is performing a turn, lateral movement of the fixed wheels across the ground occurs, in a phenomenon known as "scrubbing" . This leads to excessive wear on the rear tyres, decreasing their useful life and increasing the running costs for the vehicle.Prodrive is actively pursuing a partnership to develop the system and believes that it can increase safety and handling performance at a fraction of the cost of newer, more expensive multi-link setups. Prodrive has developed a new system that can actively manipulate the toe angle of the rear wheels on front-wheel-drive cars so handling limits can be increased on the fly.

Axle Beam Front Passenger The front suspension mustcontrol the front wheels in relation to the frame of the vehicle forsteering purposes.The front suspension arrangement for controlling the front wheels of a vehicle is important for a variety of reasons.A front steer axle being for use in a motor vehicle to pivotally support a pair of transversely spaced steerable right and left wheel spindle assemblies. The elongated transverse beam member is formed by a transverse center section having a pair of spaced apart spring mounting pads, a pair of distal ends positioned above the transverse center section for pivotally cooperating with the wheel spindle assemblies The pair of S-shaped sections have an I-shaped cross-section defined by a single pair of vertically spaced apart flanges and an interconnecting web. Each of the S-shaped sections include a pair of integral reinforcing ribs extending between the spaced apart flanges on opposite sides of the web to strengthen the S-shaped sectionsThe front steer axle beam includes an elongated transverse beam member which is generally symmetrical about a center line. Up front passenger space is generous, but access to the rear is tight. The rear seat bottoms are shallow and legroom is in short supply. There are belts for three passengers, but they will not comfortably hold three adults. steer axle assembly including an axle beam defining a first bore at a first longitudinal end and a second bore at a second longitudinal end, said axle beam extending transverse to said first and second frame railsThere exists two forms of front suspension arrangements for use in today's vehicles: the non-independent front suspension system and the independent frontsuspension system.

Axle Beam Front Driver The traditional rigid beam front axle will eventually be replaced by independent front axle suspensions, which offer best ride quality and driving behavior of the bus for drivers.The auxiliary retractable wheels being intended to carry a surplus load when brought to ground-engaging position. Both suspensions for the steering wheels and for the auxiliary wheels include inflatable balloons either exclusively or in combination with spring blades. The traditional rigid beam front axle will eventually be replaced by independent front axle suspensions, which offer best ride quality and driving behavior of the bus for passengers and drivers. Regarding front axle systems for coaches, significant improvements have been introduced in Europe and are now making their way into modern North American coach- concepts. Vehicles to which the invention particularly applies are those equipped with retractable auxiliary wheels between the front steering wheels and the rear wheels.

Axle Assembly Rear The rear wheels are connected together on a rear wheel drive car with the help of Rear Axle Assembly.The weight of the rear of the vehicle and also drives the rear wheels are carried by rear axle. Rear axle assembly are composed of gear shaft case components and axle housing components. Gear shaft cases material of the domestic rear axle is cast iron, reversely, heavier than others, which shorten the time of motor for each one charge. Gear shaft case transmits power and axle housing load weight, which are two parts and achieving their function separately. A live axle consists of a central differential in a single housing that also contains the driveshafts that connect the differential to the driven wheels.Axle housing is an integral construction with high intensity. That can keep the stability of the gear shaft case without influenced by transfiguration of the outside force to the rear axle.Axle housing is an integral construction with good effect of airproof, which reduce the probability of oil leakage.The complete assembly may typically be suspended with leaf springs, coil springs or air bags.The differential is connected to the engine via a swinging propellor shaft and a universal joint.

Axle Assembly Front The front axle is the part that the wheels attach to on the front end of the vehicle. It includes a differetial in most cases which transfer movement when powered from the engine and transmission

Anti Lock Brake Pump The anti lock brake pump allows the car to stop suddenly without locking up the brakes. Its a real life saver in slippery weather or when you simply cannot stop in a short distance where you would normally slide

Anti Lock Brake Computer Computer monitors the wheels with help of anti-lock braking system. Anti lock brake computer immediately starts releasing and applying that brake, preventing a lock up and allowing you to maintain control or drive around an obstacle instead of sliding straight towards it. When anti-lock brake system is present, a sensor in an about-to-be locked up wheel sends a message to a computer. ABS helps keep your car under control should you jam on the brakes on a slick road or under emergency conditions. Neglecting ABS can also lead to expensive repairs down the road, according to the brake experts at Bendix Brakes. If the computer were programmed correctly and if there were a light on the dashboard, then the computer could detect a flat tire. What the computer could do is look at different rotational speeds for one out of the four wheels. A flat tire would spin faster than a properly inflated tire, so the computer would look for one tire spinning faster than the other three, on average, over the course of a period of time. If one of them locks, the computer can pulse the brake on that wheel so that the wheel keeps spinning. The computer senses rotation using a rotation sensor on each wheel. When the anti-lock system kicks in, it makes a noise and the brake pedal pulsates.

Alternator An automotive charging system is made up of three major components battery, voltage regulator and an alternator.The alternator works with the battery to generate power for the electrical components of a vehicle, like the interior and exterior lights, and the instrument panel .An alternator is as an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. Large alternators in power stations which are driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators.These alternators use linear alternators occasionally. When an alternator goes bad because the battery has some reserve power in it, enough to keep the engine running for quite some time. Alternator can be called as AC electrical generator, but usually the word refers to small rotating machines driven by automotive and other internal combustion engines some parts of car engines, read Some early model vehicles used a separate drive belt from the crankshaft pulley to the alternator pulley, but most cars today have a serpentine belt. Alternators are typically found near the front of the engine and are driven by the crankshaft, which converts the pistons' up-and-down movement into circular movement.

Air Ride Compressor Air Ride Compressor is rated by means of horsepower. A compressor with a higher horsepower rating like 3/4hp or 1 full horsepower will be able to pump up to higher tank pressures easier than those of lower horsepower ratings, like 1/5hp compressor. Then you hit a switch to make your air valves open to fill (inflate) your air bags which, in turn, will lift your suspension. The opposite happens when you let air out of your bags to lower your suspension.The duty cycle, or efficiency, of an Air Ride Compressor can be defined as the amount of time that the air compressor can operate under load (pumping at high psi) verses the time when operating under no load (low psi). Basically, high horse power compressors won’t have to work as hard since they are stronger. However, a high horsepower compressor will require more energy/voltage from your electrical system in your vehicle, so there is a trade off, but if you have a decent powered alternator, and a strong battery, go for the higher horsepower compressor. Another way to go is to use multiple low horsepower compressors, but in the end it will all equal out. Horsepower isn’t necessarily the best way to rate a compressor since it is more important to know the amount of air the compressor can deliver at a specific pressure. Air Ride Compressor, are necessary to assemble an air ride setup, but what it all comes down to is relatively simple.

Air Flow Meter Air flow meter instantly relays the information to your engine computer to determine the accurate amount of fuel to inject. The temperature sensor employed by your air flow meter is a type of semi-conductor with varying resistance depending on your engine temperatures. As the temperature increases, the sensor minimizes resistance in air flow. This engine component also has a fuel pump switch. Its fuel pump only operates when the starter is put to work or as your engine runs. This mechanism is accomplished through a series of contacts. An air flow meter, also know as air consumption meter, air flow meter functions in determining the bulk of air entering your engine system. It has a flap attached to the wiper arm that wipes across a resistive track. By incorporating a temperature sensor, it enables your engine system to maintain ideal working conditions where cool and clean bulk of air is efficiently supplied. As you may know, certain engine components works at its finest provided that engine temperature is balanced. When the air flow meter flap opens up, the pump starts to run and shuts off once the flaps closes. For idle mixture adjustments, you can access the screw in the part’s housing as a valve for air bypass channel.. Once the part goes bad, it compromises combustion efficiency that leads to increased emission. Investing with heavy duty replacements is a more practical solution to maintenance. This product feature could prevent blowing up your engine in case you meet an accident. Because the engine stops running, the air flow meter automatically shuts off the fuel pump preventing the fuel from catching fire or igniting. With its practical applications, your engine computer achieves all the necessary adjustments to sustain smooth operations in following the course of your driving applications with no fail. You can turn the screw clockwise to block off the channel resulting to thicker air-fuel mixture. Turning the screw counterclockwise opens up the passage which results to leaner air-fuel mixture

Air Box Air Cleaner The air box cleaner assembly is the component in the vehicle where the air is filered before entering into the intake and engine compartment. This item is important as an impure intake air and fuel can decrease gas mileage and cause the car to idle and run roughly.

Air Bag Passenger Airbags for passenger cars used to prevent crashes and they were introduced in the United States in the mid-1970s, when seat belt usage was not prevalent. Airbags protect passengers during frontal crashes and are designed to work together with seat belts. But airbags and seat belts were designed to protect average-sized adult males. That's why airbags pose a serious risk to children riding in the front seat. Safety belts and age/size appropriate child safety seats are the best protection in these types of crashes. Ford built an experimental fleet of cars with airbags in 1971, followed by General Motors in 1973 on Chevrolet vehicles. In 1974 General Motors adopted the technology for other brands like Buick, Cadillac and Oldsmobile, and offered dual airbags with two-stage deployment, and called them "Air Cushion Restraint System".

Air Bag Driver Airbag, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard that is made of a thin, nylon fabric, more recently, the seat or door. These air bags inflation system uses the rapid pulse of hot nitrogen gas from the chemical reaction of sodium azide and potassium nitrate (kno3) to inflate the bag. The sensor in air bag driver is the device that tells the bag to inflate. Sensors detect the crash using a mechanical switch that closes when a mass shifts and an electrical contact is made. Electronic sensors use a tiny accelerometer that has been etched on a silicon chip. Car manufacturers use 2 different restraint airbag systems to help stop the occupants while doing as little damage to him or her as possible. An airbag known as Supplemental Inflatable Restraint SIR reflecting the airbag systems intended role as a supplement to conventional restraints such as seat belts When a car is speeding along at 50 Km per hour it has a tendency Inertia to keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction unless some force acts on it. The speed of the occupants, however, would remain the same because of their independent inertia and they would bang into the steering wheel, the dashboard or the windshield. The car accelerates its occupants to its own speed so that they seem to be moving as a single unit. The inertia of the occupants is, however, independent of the inertia of the car. If the car were to crash into a tree, the force of the tree would bring the car to an abrupt halt.

Air Bag Control Module The air bag control module is what controls the functions of the air bag system. If the main computer sends a signal that the impact sensors have been activated the air bag module is what deploys the air bag system

Air Bag Complete System When the sensors are activated air bag send an electronic signal which ignites a chemical device fitted in the car, called propellant. . The air bag inflates as this propellant produces nitrogen gas. This whole process happens within a tick, which is faster than a blink of an eye. An airbag,also known as an Air Cushion Restraint System (ACRS), Air bags are safety devices for drivers, which supplement the protection provided by seat belts. Like the research done on use of seat belts, the government and the automobile industry are doing research on the benefits of fitting up air bags in cars. After the invention of air bags, the car designers are using it in various innovative ways to minimize the risk. The automobile industry is finding various ways to make further improvement in the air bags. Air bags are not full proof, but reduce the risk of injury up to a certain extent.The air bags are generally placed between the passenger and the steering wheel or the dashboard. Air bags are connected to sensors that detect and act quickly to reduce the velocity of the crashMost of the air bags have an internal tether straps which shape the fabric and limit the movement of the bag. The vents placed in the rear allow the bag to slowly deflate to cushion the head as it moves forward. In collisions with low and moderate speed the seat belts are only sufficient to prevent any serious injuries. . Some vehicles are now being equipped with a different types of designs, to help reduce injury and ejection from the vehicle in rollover crashes.

AC Evaporator The AC Evaporator is what cools your car, and it works very similarly to a radiator. It takes in air from the passenger compartment, cools it using a refridgerant and absorbing the unwanted heat, then cycles it back through into the car, keeping the air nice and cool in those hot summer months. It is also what causes the clear stream of liquid you sometimes see underneath your car when you park it on a hot day. That's the moisture that the AC Evaporator has taken from your cab.

AC Condensor Fan The most important part of your AC Condensor. It is the fan that drives the cooling of your vehicle. The AC Condensor usually looks like a radiator. Chances are that if the condensor is operating correctly but the car is not cooling you off than you might to have a look for this part. So whether it is weathering the heat or trying not to sweat terribly this part is extremely important. So ride in class, ride cool and stay cool by checking this part when the occassion calls for it because you don't want to be miserable.

AC Condensor Your cars air conditioning system relies on several components. In most cases people tend to think of the AC Compressor but really this is just one of the components.

The condensor is the part of the system that further reduces the humidity and temperature of the air that cycles from the ac compressor, dryer, and evaporator. Without this component the process would not be complete and thus the end result would be an uncomfortable temperature. The AC Condensor is usually located in the area of the AC Compressor . It part of the process of the complete AC Assembly.

AC Compressor Clutch In most single mechanical parts there are actually multiple parts that make up that part even though they may be less significant. take an Engine for instance. It is actually made up of several components even though it is only referred to as an Engine. So it is with the AC Compressor. It actually has a pulley and a clutch. The clutch is the device that actually controls whether or not the compressor is 'running' vs just sitting there. You'll notice in your vehicle that the compressor does not run at all times. This is due to the clutch not being engaged. The clutch is a round device that sits right underneath the pully. In some cases this part can go bad and can be replaced but normally people just replace the entire AC Compressor assembly.

AC Compressor If you are interested in keeping your car's interior cabin comfortable in the summer months or even in those high humidity times you'll find that there is a main component in your cars engine area that has much to do with this. The AC Compressor is what keeps the process of turning warm, humid air to cool dehumidified air going. Its a belt driven mechanical device that mounts to your engine. It contains a liquied called Freon that aids in the dehumidifying process. In a perfect world the compressor does not leak and will run for many years and miles providing cool, comfortable air to your vehicles cabin area.

You can make a quick check to see if your compressor is properly charged with Freon by dropping by a local automotive repair shop. They can provide a quick test to see if the charged pressure in your compressor is up to specs and if it is not they can charge it for you for under 50.00 normally. In the event you have the older Freon 12 it will cost your more like 100 to 150 as this type of refrigerant was banned in 1994 for new cars although they still provide it for older ones.

AC Assembly Complete This term refers to the entire system in your car the has anything to do with cooling your vehicles compartment. Most typically this involves the AC Compressor, AC Condensor, AC Lines. The process involes simply taking air from either outside the driving compartment or recirculated air inside the compartment and then forcing that air through a refrigerant process which simply involves condensing water vapor from the processed air. This drops the relative humidity to the air which provides more comfort.